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Clermontia persicifolia

Gaudich. (1829)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Clermontia

‘ōhā [oha], ‘ōhā wai [oha wai], hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees, 2–6 m tall, terrestrial or epiphytic.

Stems: Stems branched repeatedly, spreading, light gray or light brown, glabrous or rarely pubescent, with numerous helically arranged leaf scars near apex, pith solid, latex white, viscous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic or oblanceolate, 7–16 cm long, 1.5–4 cm wide. Apex acute, obtuse, or rounded, rarely acuminate. Base cuneate or attenuate. Surfaces glabrous; lamina coriaceous; Upper surfaces dark green, glossy; lower surfaces pale green, dull. Margins callose–crenulate, sometimes revolute. Petioles 2–7 cm long, glabrous. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 2(–6)–flowered, glabrous; peduncle 0.6–3 cm long, spreading, bibracteate at or below middle; pedicels 1.2–3 cm long, spreading, bibracteolate at or near base. Flowers bisexual (perfect), epigynous, zygomorphic, resupinate, protandrous. Hypanthium 0.7–1.2 cm long, 6 8 mm in diameter, hemispheric, obconic, or oblong, glabrous. Calyx synsepalous; tube adnate to the ovary, forming a hypanthium, hemispheric, obconic, obovoid, turbinate, or rarely oblong, smooth or with 10 longitudinal furrows, rarely muricate or with 10 longitudinal ridges; lobes 5, valvate, either less than 1⁄2 as long as the corolla, distinct or rarely connate at base, persistent, triangular or deltate, rarely oblong or ovate, firm, green, or as long as the corolla (rarely only ⅔ as long), connate for 1/5–4/5 their length, deciduous, mimicking the corolla in shape, texture, and color. Perianth 4.8–6 cm long, bilabiate, white sometimes tinged green or purple, glabrous; tube 2.2–3.6 cm long, 5–8 mm in diameter, suberect or gently curved; lobes 2–3.2 cm long, 2–3 mm wide, spreading. Stamens 5, syngenesious, alternate with the corolla lobes, staminal column somewhat exserted, suberect or gently curved; anthers connate, dithecal, opening introrsely by longitudinal slits, white, the 3 dorsal ones a little longer than the 2 ventral ones, the latter with tufts of stiff white trichomes at apex, otherwise glabrous, or sometimes pubescent along the sutures, rarely so on the surfaces, the tube 1–1.4 cm long, 2.5–4 mm in diameter, glabrous; filaments connate above, free from the corolla, 3.8–5.2 cm long, white, glabrous. Pollen tricolporate, prolate, ellipsoidal. Ovary inferior, 2-carpellate, 2-loculed; ovule placentation axile, placentae large; style slender, terete (cylindrical), with a ring of stiff white hairs near apex; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes appressed and non–receptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out pollen, after which the stigmas spread and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries 1.7–3 cm long; 1.8–3 cm in diameter; yellow or orange; subglobose. Seeds numerous; tiny; dark brown or black; minutely foveate–reticulate; shiny; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Montane rain forests.

Elevation Range: 730–850 m. (Wai'anae Mountains); 300–850 m. (Ko'olau Mountains)

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic
Lana'i Only found in cultivation

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Voy. Uranie: 459 (1829)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:435 (O); Lammers 1991:47 (KEY, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Clermontia persicifolia Paumalu mauka above gully, uluhe Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2167 Oahu BISH 1985-04-29
2 Clermontia persicifolia S ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Waipio Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Hasegawa, M. Oahu BISH 1932-05-15
3 Clermontia persicifolia Hd of Kawainui Gulch Wooded slope Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1909 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
4 Clermontia persicifolia S ridge Kipapa Gulch, E of Puu Kamana Wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11663 Oahu BISH 1932-05-15
5 Clermontia persicifolia Paumalu, Pupukea-Kahuku Trail Moist woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11100 Oahu BISH 1931-05-25
6 Clermontia persicifolia Paalaa-Kawailoa divide, Puu Peahinaia Woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11120 Oahu BISH 1931-11-04
7 Clermontia persicifolia Divide between head of Poamoho Gulch and hd of Punaluu Gulch Wooded slope Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1890 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
8 Clermontia persicifolia Aiea uluhe Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2268 Oahu BISH 1985-07-08
9 Clermontia persicifolia SE ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Waipio Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7075 Oahu BISH 1934-07-13
10 Clermontia persicifolia Waianae Mts. Backbone of Makaha-Makaleha ridge divide, ca. 800 m on west slope With Lobelia yuccoides, uluhe, Metrosideros, Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. Oahu BISH 1978-09-17
11 Clermontia persicifolia Mauumae ridge, NE facing slope of gully Metrosideros, Eugenia, Acacia Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 198 Oahu BISH 1984-06-11
12 Clermontia persicifolia Along Pupukea Kahuku Trail on Pupukea side. Side of stream in forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 7887 Oahu BISH 1932-05-28
13 Clermontia persicifolia Maumae, SW of Kaau Crater open slope Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2362 Oahu BISH 1985-07-27
14 Clermontia persicifolia mauka of Paumalu shrubby ridge Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27978 Oahu BISH 1962-05-12
15 Clermontia persicifolia Waikane, Koolau Mts Woods Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 289 Oahu BISH 1930-08-09
16 Clermontia persicifolia Main ridge running SW from Puu Lanihuli, Kalihi-Nuuanu, Koolau Mts Wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11201 Oahu BISH 1931-05-29
17 Clermontia persicifolia Koolau Mts., Waipio, Waikakalaua Gulch Wooded valley Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10566 Oahu BISH 1930-09-14
18 Clermontia persicifolia Kipapa Trail, ~1.25 mi from boundary, S side of trail, upslope disturbed wet lowland forest; Metrosideros, Acacia, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen Reynolds, L.S. 205 Oahu BISH 2006-07-08
19 Clermontia persicifolia S ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Koolau Mts Moderately moist ridge Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 562 Oahu BISH 1932-05-29
20 Clermontia persicifolia Kawailoa gully slopes, open koa forest Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2498 Oahu BISH 1985-10-06
21 Clermontia persicifolia Kawailoa Acacia koa Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3902 Oahu BISH 1988-05-16
22 Clermontia persicifolia Waimano Trail 4-4.5 mi Lower rainforest Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. 1554 Oahu BISH 1941-05-23
23 Clermontia persicifolia Koolau Mts., Honolulu Watershed Forest Reserve, trail along Mauumae Ridge Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Lammers, T.G. 5544 Oahu BISH 1984-06-23
24 Clermontia persicifolia Wiliwilinui Ridge Metrosideros, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Myrsine lessertiana, Straussia, Pelea Preserved_Specimen Carlquist, S. 1754 Oahu BISH 1965-07-15
25 Clermontia persicifolia Wahiawa ferns Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2368 Oahu BISH 1985-08-04
26 Clermontia persicifolia Mt. Kalena Waianae Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7377 Oahu BISH 1934-09-30
27 Clermontia persicifolia Mauumae on ohia Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2354 Oahu BISH 1985-07-27
28 Clermontia persicifolia Main devide nr ld of Castle Trail, Kaipapau Wet brushy forest Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13955 Oahu BISH 1937-05-31
29 Clermontia persicifolia Mauumae ridge, NE facing slope of gully Metrosideros, Eugenia, Acacia Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 198 Oahu BISH 1984-06-11
30 Clermontia persicifolia Laie uluhe Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2204 Oahu BISH 1985-05-19
31 Clermontia persicifolia Nr hd of Mak(l)(?)aekahana Stream, Mak(l)(?)aehana, Koolau Mts Wet gulch Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 402 Oahu BISH 1953-03-22
32 Clermontia persicifolia S ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Koolau Mts Moderately moist ridge Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 517 Oahu BISH 1932-05-15
33 Clermontia persicifolia Waialae Nui ridge under Acacia koa, wet forest Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 184 Oahu BISH 1984-05-27
34 Clermontia persicifolia Wahiawa ferns Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2369 Oahu BISH 1985-08-04
35 Clermontia persicifolia Kawailoa Forest Reserve, Koolau Mts Wet wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2503 Oahu BISH 1938-07-03
36 Clermontia persicifolia S ridge Kipapa Gulch, Waipio Rain forest Preserved_Specimen Chang, I. Oahu BISH 1932-05-15
37 Clermontia persicifolia Koolau Mts., Moanalua Valley, ridge Metrosideros, Dicranopteris linearis, Antidesma, Clermontia, Cyrtandra, Zanthoxylum, Myrsine, Melicope, Pritchardia, Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Cheirodendron, Bobea Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 5932 Oahu BISH 1987-06-07
38 Clermontia persicifolia Mauumae on ohia Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2354 Oahu BISH 1985-07-27
39 Clermontia persicifolia Waialae Nui ridge on Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 185 Oahu BISH 1984-05-27
40 Clermontia persicifolia ridge spur into Waimano streambed uluhe, Eugenia, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2490 Oahu BISH 1985-10-05
41 Clermontia persicifolia Trail along Waialae Nui Ridge, running mauka from end of Aha Aina Pl, Waialae Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Lammers, T.G. 5485 Oahu BISH 1984-06-13
42 Clermontia persicifolia Waikakalaua Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts Nr stream Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10468 Oahu BISH 1930-04-06
43 Clermontia persicifolia Kawailoa uluhe Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3901 Oahu BISH 1988-05-16
44 Clermontia persicifolia Kawailoa Ridge Two plants seen along road Preserved_Specimen Pratt, T.K. Oahu BISH 1986-07-16
45 Clermontia persicifolia Halawa ridge, Koolau Mts Moist forest Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13843 Oahu BISH 1937-05-23
46 Clermontia persicifolia Hd of Castle Trail, Koolau Mts Wooded slope Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1902 Oahu BISH 1937-05-31
47 Clermontia persicifolia Koolau Mts., Waipio, Waikakalaua Gulch Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10566 Oahu BISH 1930-09-14
48 Clermontia persicifolia Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12791 Oahu BISH 1912-01-01
49 Clermontia persicifolia N border of Ewa Forest Reserve Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1614 Oahu BISH 1931-02-20
50 Clermontia persicifolia Waimea-Malaekahana summit trail Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1396 Oahu BISH 1955-01-09
51 Clermontia persicifolia Palolo Crater ridge, Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 391 Oahu BISH 1920-04-25
52 Clermontia persicifolia Lanihuli Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 157 Oahu BISH 1927-01-23
53 Clermontia persicifolia Waikane-Schofield trail Waikane, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1143 Oahu BISH 1954-05-03
54 Clermontia persicifolia Waikane, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 289 Oahu BISH 1930-08-09
55 Clermontia persicifolia Pupukea Trail Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1934-04-20
56 Clermontia persicifolia Koolau Mts., Waipio, Waikakalaua Gulch Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10566 Oahu BISH 1930-09-14
57 Clermontia persicifolia Summit trail Pupukea, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2813 Oahu BISH 1959-05-04
58 Clermontia persicifolia Pali (?) to Nuuanu Trail Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1941 Oahu BISH 1914-10-12
59 Clermontia persicifolia United States. Hawaii: Oahu, Gaudichaud's Second Voyage on Bonite Preserved_Specimen Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. 172 Oahu BISH 1836-01-01
60 Clermontia persicifolia Pupukea, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3654 Oahu BISH 1961-09-17
61 Clermontia persicifolia Wiliwilinui ridge Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1522 Oahu BISH 1964-06-24
62 Clermontia persicifolia Pupukea-Kahuku trail, upper divide, Kahuku Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11101 Oahu BISH 1931-05-24
63 Clermontia persicifolia Summit trail between Castle and Laie trails Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 234 Oahu BISH 1994-06-03
64 Clermontia persicifolia Wiliwilinui Ridge, Waialae Iki - Wailupe, Koolau Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 592 Oahu BISH 1947-05-11
65 Clermontia persicifolia Kawailoa Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2498 Oahu BISH 1985-10-06
66 Clermontia persicifolia Pupukea-Kahuku trail Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1379 Oahu BISH 1930-08-12
67 Clermontia persicifolia Waipio-Waiawa Ridge Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 29 Oahu BISH 1926-10-06
68 Clermontia persicifolia Slope of Kaala, Mokuleia Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1815 Oahu BISH 1912-04-16
69 Clermontia persicifolia Palolo Crater ridge, Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 382 Oahu BISH 1920-03-07
70 Clermontia persicifolia Punaluu, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 698 Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
71 Clermontia persicifolia Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 12791 Oahu BISH 1912-01-01
72 Clermontia persicifolia Palawai Gulch, Honouliuli Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1936-10-19
73 Clermontia persicifolia Punaluu Mts Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 700 Oahu BISH 1908-12-01
74 Clermontia persicifolia Preserved_Specimen Wawra, H. 2206 Oahu BISH
75 Clermontia persicifolia Lanai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH
76 Clermontia persicifolia Palolo valley nr crater Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1912-01-01
77 Clermontia persicifolia S Opaeula Ridge Preserved_Specimen Suehiro, A. Oahu BISH 1932-09-25
78 Clermontia persicifolia Waialee (?) trail Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. Oahu BISH 1946-05-12
79 Clermontia persicifolia Palolo valley nr crater Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1912-01-01
80 Clermontia persicifolia Oahu Preserved_Specimen Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. Oahu BISH 1836-01-01
81 Clermontia persicifolia Nr 1st pass Waikane-Schofield trail Preserved_Specimen Suehiro, A. Oahu BISH 1932-10-16
82 Clermontia persicifolia W rim, Kaau Crater Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1970-06-21
83 Clermontia persicifolia Trail-side of Waikane-Scholfield trail, Kahana, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Tsuji, N. Oahu BISH 1932-10-16
84 Clermontia persicifolia Waiolani Ridge Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-10-14
85 Clermontia persicifolia United States. Hawaii: Oahu, Gaudichaud's Second Voyage on Bonite Preserved_Specimen Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. Oahu BISH 1836-01-01
86 Clermontia persicifolia Palolo valley nr crater Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1912-01-01
87 Clermontia persicifolia Palolo Crater ridge Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1912-01-01
88 Clermontia persicifolia Palolo Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1912-01-01
89 Clermontia persicifolia S ridge, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Liu, F. Oahu BISH 1932-05-15
90 Clermontia persicifolia Palolo Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
91 Clermontia persicifolia Lanai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH
92 Clermontia persicifolia Wailupe (?) Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
93 Clermontia persicifolia Kaala, Wailua (?) Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Oahu BISH
94 Clermontia persicifolia Palolo Crater Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 891 Oahu BISH 1922-10-23
95 Clermontia persicifolia Waimanu Ridge Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1992 Oahu BISH 1914-10-27
96 Clermontia persicifolia Waimanu Ridge Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1992 Oahu BISH 1914-10-27
97 Clermontia persicifolia Wiliwilinui Ridge, Waialae Iki - Wailupe Preserved_Specimen Shinohara, B. 247 Oahu BISH 1947-05-11
98 Clermontia persicifolia Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
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